Circuit Sensitivity Analysis--An Important Tool for Analog Circuit Design: Part 2
The Sallen-Key filter can result in very sensitive circuits. This is the second part of a two-part article on how to analyze circuit sensitivity.
Consider the Q sensitivity to Ra and Rb (Equation 7). Note that at K=1 the sensitivity goes to zero. This makes sense because a gain of one means that Rb is a short, and Ra is an open--there are no resistances to vary.
With the simplification of limiting the gain to 1, the equation for Q reduces to:
(10)
As a result of this simplification, our sensitivity equations for this circuit with K=1 degenerate to:
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
This looks quite promising. We only have three sensitivities that aren't a small constant. Two of these sensitivities, Q's sensitivity to R1 and R3, are complementary. If these two resistors are made to track closely, for example as a matched set of resistors on a substrate, then the two sensitivities would tend to cancel each other out. Better yet, if we choose R3=R1 then the Q sensitivities to R1 and R3 go to zero.
Of course, these resistors will not be identical and, therefore, the sensitivities will not be exactly zero. Let's look at a case where these are five percent tolerance resistors (the real cheap resistors), and push them to worst case extremes. In this case the resulting sensitivity is:
(16)