Capacitive Proximity Sensing:
Pluses and Minuses
Some of the advantages of capacitive proximity sensing over other
sensing methods include:
1) Range of finger presence
detection is fairly high (30 cm+ with an external antenna sensor and 10
cm+ without an antenna).
2) Sensitivity is higher than
sensing methods like resistive or inductive.
3) Inexpensive as sensors can
be constructed from different media, such as copper, external wire
sensor, ITO and printed ink.
4) Minimum element size
5) Temperature stability
6) Design flexibility.
7) Resistant to environmental
factors: water, temperature, humidity.
8) Works with a variety of
non-conductive overlay materials like glass, with varying thicknesses.
9) High reliability and
durability since they act as replacements to their mechanical
counterparts.
But there are some potential drawbacks that should be considered,
including:
1) The sensed element has to
be conductive. This makes it work well to detect human tissue presence
near it. However, it might not detect a hand approach it when the user
has rubber gloves on.
2) When the conductive
object remains in the vicinity of the sensor, the system could
eventually recalculate its parasitic capacitance to include that
induced by the hand in its vicinity. This could result in future false
detects. This can however easily be remedied in software.
3) The detection range of
capacitive proximity sensing decreases drastically in the presence of
metal objects near the sensor. A way to overcome this issue is detailed
below.
Increasing detection distance in
the presence of metal objects
In the presence of metal objects, the range of capacitive proximity
detection can decrease almost 15-fold. The primary reason for this is
that the metal object increases the sensor stray capacitance.
Such a stray capacitance reduces the proximity response value by
providing a higher full scale range. This often requires reduction in
operating frequency, in turn, decreasing detection distance. The
grounded metal plane also catches part of the sensor electric field and
reduces the added finger capacitance.
Since most white goods have metal casings, this feature can be
detrimental to such designs. However, the influence of a metal surface
on a sensor is decreased by placing a shield electrode between the
proximity detection sensor and the metal object, with the shield
electrode having the same potential as the sensor. This is a fairly
effective solution to the problem.
Conclusion
The use of Proximity sensing in consumer electronic devices has proven
to add a "coolness" factor to the device apart from being functionally
useful. It might be a worthwhile consideration to give your new designs
a competitive edge in the market.
Viren Ranjan is an Applications
Engineer at Cypress Semiconductor Corp., involved with the development
and testing of Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC)-based embedded
designs, including Capsense devices and the PSoC designer IDE, which
provides a setup wizard for easy routing of capacitive sensors to GPIO
pins, as well as a tuner to set the threshold and noise parameters
based on the specific sensor layout. He can be reached at
viren.ranjan@cypress.com
References
1) Proximity
Detection in the Presence of Metal Objects (AN42851) " Victor
Kremin, Andriy Ryshtun, Vasyl Mandzij
2) "Capacitive
sensing techniques and considerations: The basics."
on Embedded.com